Article Review Pneumonia and Children Essay examples

Currency This article was published on Harvard International Review at January 13, 2014. This is an article about the disease, pneumonia and children. It was published very recently, just about 4 months ago. Therefore, this article is likely to be reliable and updated then. However, the article does not include any information after January 13, 2014. Thus further research has to be done in order to get the latest information. Relevance The title of this article is Pneumonia and Children. This article tells us about the causes and the effects of pneumonia onto child below 5 years old. It also discusses about the ways to prevent or treat pneumonia. This article is relevant to my research topic, child mortality, because pneumonia is one of†¦show more content†¦Moreover the journal is distributed across United States and more than 77 countries around the world and has a readership of over 30,000. HIR also serves as a forum for academic debate and analysing historical trends. Therefore HIR should be an objective source of news and thus reliable. Accuracy In this article, the author had used reliable sources from the MDG 2013 progress chart and mentioned the chart indicates that Sub-Saharan Africa still has a high mortality rate amongst under-five-year olds as well as the progress being made by Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Oceania is insufficient to reach the target if prevailing trends persists. In addition, the author had provided statistics for the child mortality rate and pneumonia infections. The author also identified the main causes for child mortality which is pneumonia and poverty, the same information had been shown in many other articles. Thus the reliability of this article is high as it has proof from a variety of different sources. Furthermore in a fact sheet regarding pneumonia, the World Health Organization had presented same information about the facts of pneumonia. 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Having to contact the Children’s Aid Society frequently in order to protect Kenneth made her living situation unbearable. Growing up, Kenneth had several health conditions, including asthma, pneumonia and epilepsy. He has also suffered several seizures over time in his life. The Crime On October 9, 1993, Kenneth was napping in the spare bedroom, and Tammy went to check on him finding him tangled into his sheets and was gasping for breath.

Analysis Of Eritre A Country With Many Economic Challenges

Eritrea: a Country with Several Economic Challenges Eritrea is a country in the East African region with a population of 6.3 million. Eritrea borders to Sudan, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and the Red Sea. The country s location towards the Red Sea has geopolitical strategy as a shortest sea rout from Europe to Middle East and Asia. As a result, the country has been targeted to several geopolitical games. After many consecutive colonization from Europe as well as been part of Ethiopia, Eritrea overcome its independence in May 1991 and received international recognition as a country by the United Nations in 1993. The Eritrean independence resulted a new geopolitical structure in the horn of Africa mainly in relation to Ethiopia, which became†¦show more content†¦The Eritrean economy continues to face several challenges which are increasingly undermining inclusive growth and job creation. One of the main factors that brought the Eritrean economy to the level of recession is war. According to African Developmental Bank Group, Eritrea was engaged in a border conflict with Ethiopia in 1998 to 2001. The war caused losing of millions of dollars and hundreds of human casualties in both countries(10). The border conflict rose up in the less than a decade after Eritrea became an independent country. This shows that how the economic progress of the country in the nation rebuild strategy diverted to regional war, and cost the new country millions of dollars in its few years of independence. This political instability influenced that level of governmental spending in to war and caused tremendous economic destruction. According to Eritrea Finance Ministry report, Government spending was 3.4 millions dollars in 1990 s. These amount were implemented in several infrastructure building, social and educational facilities and many other basic and fundamental implementations. According to World Bank report, the governmental spending lead investments were provide high level of job opportunities and Eritrea unemployment rate during first eight years of independence was between 7.1 and 7.5 (4). This fact shows that the

Intro to Music essay Example For Students

Intro to Music essay Floyd is one of the most well-respected and influential rock and roll bands of all time. Pink Floyd brought something new to the table of Rock and Roll. They created a sense of psychedelic hallucinations through their music and the lights they used during their performances. The band did not immediately come up with the name Pink Floyd. The group first went by Sigma 6 then Architectural Bedaubs before finally settling on the name Pink Floyd. Pink Floyd is comprised of four members. Sad Barrett and David Glamour both play guitar and are the vocals of the band. Nick Mason is on drums, while Roger Waters plays bass, synthesizer, and sings some vocals. Rick Wright also plays the keyboard and the synthesizer. Sad Barrett passed away on July 7, 2006 and Rick Wright passed September 15, 2008. All of the other members are still alive today. The early Pink Floyd did not play the music we would expect to hear from them today. In the beginning years of Pink Floyd the band mostly played Blues and Rhythm covers. Sad Barrett created most of Pink Floods early music including the songs including See Emily Play and Arnold Laymen. Pink Floods debut album, Piper at the Gates of Dawn is thought to be their most playful, creative, and whimsical album (Rockwell. Com). A British music magazine Q said Piper at the Gates of Dawn was a defining album in the psychedelic rock and roll submerge of music. The most well-known song from this album was a nine minute long instrumental titled Interstellar Overdrive. Sad Barrett, one of the most significant and important m embers of the band, dug himself into drug filled hole. His intense use of the hallucinogenic drug LSI took him from a brilliant and unique song writer and composer to mentally unstable. Barrett eventually left the band in 1968 and created two of his own albums with the help of his former band members. The albums were titled The Madcap Laughs and the other was self-titled Barrett. These two albums were both very eccentric due to his heavy drug experimentation. Not long after the Barrett album was released Sad Barrett completely disappeared from the music scene. Pink Floyd did dedicate an album to their former band leader called Wish You Were Here in 1975. After losing Barrett, the band replaced him with David Glamour and stayed strong for another fifteen years. The band released a double album titled Managua which I found very interesting. The album had two discs, the first was many of their live performances and the second was and individual piece by each band member. In all, Pink Floyd released eighteen different albums but one album stands out from the rest. In 1973 the band released an album titled Dark Side of the Moon. This album broke all records and stayed on the Top 200 charts for an astonishing seven hundred and forty one weeks! The album was released in 1973 and stayed on the Top 200 chart until 1988. But the band did not stop there. Pink Floyd released another wildly popular album titled The Wall. Roger Waters told Rolling Stones magazine in 1982 that he wanted to make comparisons between rock and roll concerts and war and Intro to Music essay By Journalese Walters, is The idea that we, as individuals, generally find it necessary to avoid or deny the painful aspects of our experience, and often in fact use them as bricks in a wall behind which we may sometimes find shelter The band performed the song Another Brick in the Wall, which has three different parts, twenty four times all over the country, in a very theatrical manner. .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .postImageUrl , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:hover , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:visited , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:active { border:0!important; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:active , .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u515801d3e0a859ae25976f562f405c1f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rap Music causes violence against Women EssayEach time the band performed this song an actual wall was built in front of the band which collapsed at the end of the song. The Wall is said to be the most pessimistic album to ever reach number one. The Wall was the last album put out by Pink Floyd with the four members Waters, Glamour, Wright, and Mason. The Final Cut was released by Pink Floyd in 1983, but Glamour was absent from the album. All of the songs and the music in this album were written by Waters. Glamour had asked Walters to delay the release of the album so he could write a couple of pieces but Waters refused. The album received five stars by Rolling Stones maga zine. Soon after Glamour released a solo album titled About Face. The band broke apart for a few years after that and remained silent until a bitter court battle broke out between members of the band. After that the band ended up releasing two more albums, Momentary Lapse of Reason in 1987 and Delicate Sound of Thunder and 1988 without Wright. During the nineties Pink Floyd released The Division Bell and Pulse which went straight to the top of the charts. On July 2, 2005 Pink Floyd performed together for the first time in twenty four ears with the four members Wright, Glamour, Waters, and Mason in Loons Hyde Park.

The Philippines as a Developing Country Essay Example

The Philippines as a Developing Country Essay Once dubbed as â€Å"Asia’s New Tiger†, the Philippines is currently showing progress with fierceness that’s more tabby cat than tiger. All the promise of development and growth it has shown years ago remains unfulfilled until now. And although a lot of aspects may factor in, I would like to explore just how big a role the seemingly unstable government is playing on the staggered – if not altogether stagnant – growth of this 300,000 sq. km. country. This I will do by discussing the issue’s revolving around this Asian country’s agrarian reform, revolutionary change, political economy, and rapid urbanization.II. Agrarian Reform: CARP through four differing administrationThe Philippines’ Republic Act No. 6657 states, â€Å"The agrarian reform program is founded on the right of farmers and regular farm workers, who are landless, to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm workers, to receive a share of the fruits thereof. To this end, the State shall encourage the just distribution of all agricultural lands, subject to the priorities and retention limits set forth in this Act, having taken into account ecological, developmental, and equity considerations, and subject to the payment of just compensation. The State shall respect the right of small landowners and shall provide incentives for voluntary land-sharing.† (Chan Robles)Read also The Philippine Peso Us Dollar Exchange RateAlthough brimming with promise of better land distribution between farmers and landowners, CARP is in fact swimming in a sea of loopholes. And this is because it is, as de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan put it, â€Å"a compromised result of haggling between lawmaker, landowners and the advocates of reform.†Years after the implementation of CARP, it is still being bombarded with issues. In 2004, a good 15 years after the law on CARP was enacted, agrarian reform advocates and potential ben eficiaries were calling it a failure – even as it delivered 5.8 M hectares of land to 2.7 M beneficiaries, or 72% of what the government has mapped out. This comment may be brought about by the fact that this 72% was supposed to have been completed by 1999 (de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan).In the last 21 years, CARP has been handled by four presidents and a slew of agrarian reform secretaries, which affected the speed and efficiency by which the reform was handled.Corazon Aquino, who became president in 1986 after the historical â€Å"people power† movement wiped out the brief spell of military rule in the Philippines (World Factbook), was said to have led a government that that tended to weaken CARP. This was mainly because her family’s 600-hectare Hacienda Luisita was then exempted from distribution. â€Å"Shady deals and dubious accomplishment reports† (de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan strengthened the agrarian reform advocates’ conviction that t he Aquino administration was deadest on weakening, if not vitiating, CARP.CARP, though, continued to exist and showed some improvement when Fidel Ramos took over the presidency. Of the targeted 6.1 M hectares, 75% were distributed with the help of then Department of Agrarian Reform (or DAR) Secretary Ernesto Galindo. Although most of the land distribution were non-contentious, Galindo was still praised because his stint as agrarian reform secretary created a standard when it comes to rallying support from government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to help expedite implementation of CARP. Moreover, it was during this period that everybody saw the reform to be operable (de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan).But the next administration nearly destroyed the CARP image the Ramos administration has worked so hard to build. Joseph Estrada’s three-year presidency (his term was cut short by EDSA 2, which demanded for his resignation) saw the DAR closing its central doors to the people it is supposed to welcome with open arms – the farmers. With everybody pinning high hopes on then Secretary Horacio Morales, who has a background on rural development, it was greatly disappointing to see that under his rule, DAR missed a lot of targets and even made a lot of land conversions and cancellations of land acquisition certificates (de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan).Right now, with Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as president, CARP is now on its last phase of implementation and agrarian reform advocates are saying that the government â€Å"is facing its toughest challenge yet† (de Guzman, Garrido, and Manahan). Arroyo, however, seems to be stepping up the ante and boasts that her land distribution achievement is the biggest in CARP history.CARP is on a seesaw, with its success going up and down depending on the president or the person he has appointed as secretary of DAR. CARP can never truly be a success unless the Philippines start to draft a common p olicy on how to go about setting land distribution on a path of flourishing, or at least uniform, success.III. Revolutionary change: People Power MovementOne thing the Philippines is famous for is its People Power Movement, a.k.a. EDSA Revolution (EDSA referring to the street where the revolution was made), where the Filipinos proved to the world that people united towards one goal can bring about revolutionary change without having to use force (The EDSA Revolution Website).Triggered by the outright murder of Senator Benigno Aqino (who was one of the more outspoken oppositionist to then President Ferdinand Marcos), coupled with restlessness with Ferdinand Marcos’ 20-year rule (nine years of which was under military rule), the Filipino people marched to the streets and demanded for change – starting with Marcos stepping down from position. It was a captivating image – young and old, men and women, linked arm-in-arm, holding rosaries, and braving tanks which they are not sure are going to stop for them. In the end, this peaceful undividedness won over and Marcos fled the country on February 25, 1986, three days after the revolution was started.The world over was impressed by this show of unity. CBS anchorman Bob Simon even said, â€Å"We Americans like to think we taught the Filipinos democracy; well, tonight they are teaching the world† (The EDSA Revolution Website). It was perhaps the success of peacefully overturning a corrupt president that made the Filipinos repeat – or at least attempt to repeat – the same feat achieved by the first EDSA Revolution.On January 17, 2001, after frustration over the Senate’s refusal to open an envelope that supposedly contains vital evidence on Joseph Estrada’s impeachment trial, the Filipino people again marched to the streets of EDSA and once again asked for the resignation of yet another president. EDSA 2, as this gesture was called, was again successful in ousting a president but not everybody was as happy with this result. As Federick L. Perito, a self-proclaimed activist said, â€Å"EDSA people power 2 completely trampled [the Philippines’] constitution†. Comparing it with EDSA 1, he says EDSA 2 was not success brought about by a peaceful revolution but more of a â€Å"mob rule†. As Estrada was duly elected as president by millions of people, Perito points out that â€Å"EDSA 2 trampled on the rights of every Filipino to be governed by a duly elected president.†Perito may have a point. There was a lot of hullabaloo that surrounded EDSA 2. Right after Estrada â€Å"resigned† (this was contested later on by Estrada himself, claiming that he only temporarily handed the presidency to Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo so that the impeachment trial can proceed peacefully) and imprisoned, a new batch of people marched to the streets and claimed that Estrada is still their president (Perito).EDSA 1 was such an admirable event because the Filipinos (with the exception of a really few Marcos loyalists) were then strongly united on one thing: and that’s freedom from a ruler who shouldn’t have been in the position anymore. And with all the unexplained killings of Marcos critics, it was, at that time, the only option open to the Filipinos. EDSA 2 may have also been a unified effort but there was a legal option open to them – impeachment. Even with the questionable refusal to open the supposed important envelope, they could have waited for the trial to bring about a result. Instead, a mob went to EDSA and bullied a president to resign. Not everybody was quite happy when the president indeed stepped down and another mob went to EDSA to declare that they still believe in Estrada. Indeed, it was not a pretty picture.The Filipinos surely are to be respected for the way they fight for what they believe in. But will they always resort to ‘people power’ in solving issues that has a more acceptable solution? Taking things to streets create for the Filipinos instability that makes it hard for them to establish a well-oiled government that has only economy and people welfare in its mind. With people power looming in every corner, the government would always have fear of another revolt on their minds.IV. Political Economy: Four Presidents, Four Progress RatesJust like CARP, the Philippines’ economy has been moving up and down according to who is seated as president. Currently, the country’s GDP is said to be at its highest point in 21 years, with an average of 3.96%. The figure is slightly higher than those achieved by the Aquino (3.8%) and Ramos (3.7%) administrations. Inflation rate is also at a better position with 3.1%, the lowest in 19 years. (Gov.Ph News)The Aquino administration was marked with instability as a result of the transition from the people power. Hence, inflation rate then was at a high 9.7% average. It stayed high until 1991. It w asn’t until Fidel Ramos became president in 1992 that the inflation rate slowed to an average of 7.8%. It was also during Ramos’ reign that the Philippines showed a lot of potential to step out of its third-world status. As David G. Timberman said in his paper ‘The Philippines’ New Normalcy’, Ramos’s administration signaled â€Å"exciting times† because Ramos was focused on â€Å"economic recovery and reform†.Again, the â€Å"tiger† image that the Ramos presidency has worked so hard to establish had come tumbling down when Joseph Estrada moved in as president. With the business sector often overcritical of and a corruption scandal hounding the new president, the Philippines saw a really weak economy with its peso plunging to a record low of Php51.95 to a dollar (AFP). Even with the low inflation rate of 6.9% average (Gov.Ph News), Estrada’s administration was still pointed as one of the weak points in the history o f Philippine economy.Today, with Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo sitting as president, the Philippines is starting to recover from the economic slump it experienced during Estrada’s government. Aside from the improving GDP and inflation rate, Arroyo also achieved putting the Philippine peso at Php46 to a dollar.It’s good that the Philippine economy is once again picking up. But will the next administration (the next election will be on May 2010) be able to maintain it?V. Rapid urbanization: Manila as Center of Poverty in the PhilippinesIf there’s anything constant in the Philippines, it’s rapid urbanization. More and more people seem to be moving from the provinces to the capital Manila. According to a chart made by Dr. Primitivo C. Cal, Manila can expect 13,157 M people living on it by 2015.AreaPopulation (‘000)198019952015Manila5,2969,45413,157Adjoining Areas2,4344,91412,563TOTAL8,36014,38625,720Figure 2. Population trend in the Philippines’ capita l, Manila.Source: Dr. Primitivo C. Cal, â€Å"A Sustainable Transportation Strategy for Metro Manila† http://csur.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ws2004/papers/B2-Cal.pdfCurrently, half of Manila’s population was born in the province. People move into the city in search of the perfect job that will put their family in a good position economically. They are, however, disappointed and are stuck in low-paying jobs (Yamson). With the low salary, most of them also resort to squatting and living under bridges and beside railways.This Filipinos’ preference to cram themselves in the city instead of establishing a life in the provinces may have been brought about by the government. Different administrations have different pet projects, and none of them seem to be countryside growth. Most, if not all, of the government policies are targeted towards urban development, making those born in the province naturally aim for the city to gain a better life (Yamson). This, however, can (if not al ready has) backfire because having people centered on the city can cause problems in providing adequate food, water, and services.For a country so small, centering development in the city may not be too much of a good idea especially since some of the country’s export commodities (like fruits and coconut oil) can be acquired in the countryside (World Factbook). The government should start putting more effort into equally developing the provinces – not just for economic welfare, but also for the health reasons.VI. ConclusionThe Philippines has already shown that with good hands to lead the government, it can rise above its fellow third world countries and become economically strong. It has been a pity that with the passing of hands, different administrations are unable to sustain a good economic status. But there are so much more that the Philippine government should be working on: non-urban development, education, health, etc. The government should start having a unifi ed goal, so that with each turnover of presidency, the government will be moving towards a direction that the previous government was working on. And maybe then, the Philippines will be able to sustain that fierceness it has shown back in the late 1990’s and jump from a developing country to a developed one.